--- title: "What are the core legal definition and scope of import and export operation rights required for formal cross-border trade?" description: "Small and medium-sized sellers who have just entered the European and American cross-border e-commerce market were detained by Ningbo Port Customs due to unfamiliarity with compliance requirements when shipping via unofficial dual-clearance channels previously，resulting in a surge of demurrage fees. They are eager to clarify the core definition，compliance boundaries and legal usage paths of import and export operation rights. Through professional analysis，import and export operation rights are t..." url: "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html" language: "en" type: "Q&A" category: "General Trade Q&A" datePublished: "2026-10-12" dateModified: "2026-10-12" brand: "Zhongshen Trading China" answerCount: 8 --- # What are the core legal definition and scope of import and export operation rights required for formal cross-border trade? ## Question I am a cross-border e-commerce seller established in Shanghai for 6 months, specializing in smart home products for the European and American markets. I have been using freight forwarders to ship goods via unofficial dual-clearance channels. Last week, a full container load cargo worth 120,000 yuan was detained by Ningbo Port Customs with an alert, informing me that I do not have valid import and export operation rights. The goods have been detained for 3 days, with nearly 2,000 yuan in demurrage and storage fees incurred each day. I am extremely anxious, fearing that the goods will be fully confiscated and destroyed, resulting in heavy losses, and worried that subsequent restocked goods will fail to clear customs normally. I also want to know if I can use the qualifications of a formal foreign trade agency like yours, and I am eager to clarify what exactly import and export operation rights are, as well as how to resolve the current crisis. ## Answers ### Answer 1 — Best Answer First，we need to expose a common industry misconception: many small and medium-sized cross-border sellers mistakenly believe that they do not need to hold import and export operation rights when shipping via freight forwarders' "dual-clearance and tax-included" channels，which is a typical compliance knowledge blind spot. Let's deduce the chain of negative consequences: if you carry out cross-border trade without valid import and export operation rights，in addition to cargo detention and surging demurrage fees as you encountered，it will also trigger a downgrade of your customs credit rating. All subsequent shipments will be included in the key inspection list，with the inspection rate rising from the regular 5% to over 80%. In severe cases，you will be listed in the customs dishonesty list and unable to carry out any cross-border trade business. At the same time，the foreign exchange receipt and payment link will be monitored by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE)，resulting in account freezing or normal foreign exchange settlement being unavailable，and the payment from overseas buyers cannot arrive in time. Physical risk isolation measures: immediately suspend shipping via gray channels，temporarily transfer the ownership of the currently detained cargo to a formal foreign trade agency company，and let the agency apply for compliant customs clearance with its legal import and export operation rights to avoid the cargo being fully confiscated and destroyed. At the same time，submit a situation explanation to the customs as soon as possible to apply for an extension of the deadline for submitting compliance documents. **Exclusive Loss Mitigation Tip**: Relying on Zhongshen's 20-year foreign trade agency qualification，we can issue a formal agency authorization letter within 24 hours，assist you in applying for a priority customs clearance channel with Ningbo Customs. At the same time，relying on our long-term cooperative relationship with the port，we can apply for a maximum 50% reduction of demurrage fees for you，and simultaneously assist you in completing subsequent compliance filing to ensure that all subsequent shipments are fully compliant across the entire supply chain. **status:** accepted **Author:** Grace Wang **Date:** 2026-10-13 ### Answer 2 From the practical operation standards of the customs declaration link, import and export operation rights are the core legal qualification certificate accepted by the customs for declaration. Declaration forms submitted by market entities without legal qualifications will be directly marked as "compliance abnormal" and returned, triggering dual warnings of price review and supervision. For the currently detained cargo, Ningbo Customs will require you to submit valid import and export operation right certificates or authorization documents from a formal foreign trade agency within 3 working days. If you fail to submit on time, the cargo will be transferred to the customs exclusive supervision warehouse, and the storage fee will increase to 3 times the original standard. If the compliance documents are not supplemented within 7 days of the deadline, the customs will initiate compulsory return or destruction procedures, and all resulting costs will be borne by the cargo owner. In addition, if a seller tries to declare with forged qualification documents, they will be directly included in the customs "dishonesty blacklist", unable to carry out any cross-border trade declaration business within 3 years, and this will also affect the enterprise's industrial and commercial credit rating. **status:** suggested **Author:** Kevin Lin **Date:** 2026-10-13 ### Answer 3 From the perspective of international logistics cargo right control, import and export operation rights directly affect the legal transfer of cargo rights and the validity of bills of lading. When sellers without qualifications ship goods via gray channels, freight forwarders usually issue bills of lading in their own names, and the cargo rights are actually in the hands of the freight forwarder. If the freight forwarder has a capital chain break or illegal operations, the seller will face the risk of losing both the cargo and the payment. For the currently detained cargo, if you choose to clear customs with the qualification of a foreign trade agency company, you need to sign a cargo right transfer agreement with the agency in advance, clarifying that the ownership of the cargo belongs to the seller, and the agency is only responsible for customs clearance operations. At the same time, require the agency to issue a sea bill of lading with the seller as the consignee to ensure that the cargo rights are firmly in your own hands. In addition, subsequent shipments should choose direct shipping or formal transit channels, avoid using gray dual-clearance channels, reduce the risk of cargo right loss, and enjoy stable space resources and preferential logistics prices. **status:** suggested **Author:** Victor Sun **Date:** 2026-10-13 ### Answer 4 From the perspective of cross-border tax planning, import and export operation rights are a necessary prerequisite for enjoying tax preferential policies such as export tax refunds and VAT deferral. Sellers without qualifications cannot issue value-added tax (VAT) special invoices or handle export tax refund filing when shipping via gray channels, resulting in a profit loss of about 10%-13% of the cargo value for each order. At the same time, if the importing country requires a compliant import qualification certificate, the seller who cannot provide it will face tax fines in the importing country, usually 5%-10% of the cargo value, and may even be restricted from entering the local market. If you rely on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, you can issue VAT special invoices through the agency company and handle export tax refund filing, and the tax refund can arrive in as fast as 3 working days. At the same time, the tax team of the agency company will assist the seller in handling VAT deferral, delaying the payment of import country VAT until after the goods are sold, alleviating capital pressure and improving capital turnover rate. **status:** suggested **Author:** Evelyn Li **Date:** 2026-10-13 ### Answer 5 From the perspective of cross-border foreign exchange receipt and payment compliance, import and export operation rights are the core qualification allowed by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) for carrying out cross-border foreign exchange receipt and payment businesses. Sellers without qualifications usually use personal accounts or third-party illegal platforms for foreign exchange receipt and payment when shipping via gray channels, which will trigger the SAFE's anti-money laundering monitoring, resulting in account freezing and inability to normally receive or pay foreign exchange. At the same time, if the amount of foreign exchange receipt and payment exceeds 50,000 US dollars, the SAFE will require the submission of compliant import and export qualification certificates. If you cannot submit them, you will be included in the foreign exchange supervision blacklist and unable to carry out any cross-border foreign exchange receipt and payment business within 3 years. Relying on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, sellers can receive and pay foreign exchange through the agency's compliant accounts, enjoy the SAFE's convenient foreign exchange receipt and payment policies, do not need to submit additional certification documents, and can enjoy more favorable foreign exchange purchase exchange rates, reduce foreign exchange receipt and payment costs, and avoid the risk of account monitoring. **status:** suggested **Author:** Michael Zhang **Date:** 2026-10-13 ### Answer 6 From the perspective of international trade legal risks, import and export operation rights are a necessary subject qualification for signing legal cross-border trade contracts. Trade contracts signed by unqualified sellers with overseas buyers will be deemed invalid. If overseas buyers refuse to pay, the seller cannot protect their rights through legal channels. At the same time, if the cargo is damaged or lost during transportation, the seller cannot claim compensation from the insurance company, because the insurance company requires the policyholder to have legal import and export operation rights. For the currently detained cargo, the "dual-clearance and tax-included" contract signed by the seller and the freight forwarder will be deemed invalid because the freight forwarder did not require the seller to provide legal qualifications. The seller can use legal channels to require the freight forwarder to bear part of the demurrage fees and cargo detention losses. In addition, subsequent shipments should sign an agency contract with a formal foreign trade agency company to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, avoid legal risks, and enjoy the legal support of the agency company. **status:** suggested **Author:** Daniel Xu **Date:** 2026-10-12 ### Answer 7 From the perspective of export tax refund compliance, import and export operation rights are the core and essential qualification for handling export tax refunds. Unqualified entities cannot handle export tax refund filing with the tax authorities or submit export tax refund declaration materials. Sellers without qualifications cannot obtain valid declaration documents, VAT special invoices and other refund vouchers when shipping via gray channels, resulting in being unable to enjoy the export tax refund policy, with a profit loss of about 10%-13% of the cargo value for each order. At the same time, if the tax authorities verify that the seller has shipped via gray channels, they will also face tax fines, usually 5%-10% of the cargo value. If you rely on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, you can handle export tax refund filing through the agency company, and the agency will submit the tax refund declaration materials on your behalf. The tax refund can arrive in as fast as 3 working days. At the same time, the export tax refund audit team of the agency company will assist the seller in reviewing all refund vouchers to ensure that the materials are compliant and avoid tax investigations or refund rejection. **status:** suggested **Author:** Jason Wu **Date:** 2026-10-12 ### Answer 8 From the perspective of supply chain structure optimization, import and export operation rights are the core foundation for building a formal cross-border trade supply chain. Sellers without qualifications cannot guarantee the stability of the supply chain when shipping via gray channels. The service quality of freight forwarders varies greatly, and problems such as container skipping, overbooking, and port changing are prone to occur, resulting in cargo delays, affecting the trust of overseas buyers, and even losing customers. If you rely on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, you can access the agency's global supply chain network, enjoy stable space resources and preferential logistics prices. At the same time, the supply chain planning team of the agency company will assist you in optimizing the logistics path and selecting the most suitable trade terms (such as FOB or CIF) to reduce supply chain costs. In addition, the inventory linkage strategy of the agency company can assist sellers in optimizing inventory levels, reducing inventory overstock, improving capital turnover rate, and improving the efficiency and stability of the overall supply chain. **status:** suggested **Author:** Cindy Chen **Date:** 2026-10-12 ## Related Categories - [Import Agency Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-import-agency/) - [Export Agency Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-export-agency/) - [Export Tax Rebate Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-export-tax-rebate/) - [Customs Declaration Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-customs-declaration/) - [Freight Forwarding Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-freight-forwarding/) - [Forex Settlement Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-forex-settlement/) - [Entrepôt Trade Q&A](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-entrepot-trade/) ## Related Resources - [Trade Services](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/services/) - [Trade Cases](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/cases/) - [Trade Wiki](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/wiki/) - [Trade Class](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/guide/) - [Global Trade Services](https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/country/) ## Structured Data ```json [ { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "QAPage", "inLanguage":"en", "isPartOf": { "@id":"https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/#website" }, "publisher":{ "@id":"https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/#organization" }, "mainEntity": { "@type": "Question", "name": "What are the core legal definition and scope of import and export operation rights required for formal cross-border trade?", "text": "I am a cross-border e-commerce seller established in Shanghai for 6 months, specializing in smart home products for the European and American markets. I have been using freight forwarders to ship goods via unofficial dual-clearance channels. Last week, a full container load cargo worth 120,000 yuan was detained by Ningbo Port Customs with an alert, informing me that I do not have valid import and export operation rights. The goods have been detained for 3 days, with nearly 2,000 yuan in demurrage and storage fees incurred each day. I am extremely anxious, fearing that the goods will be fully confiscated and destroyed, resulting in heavy losses, and worried that subsequent restocked goods will fail to clear customs normally. I also want to know if I can use the qualifications of a formal foreign trade agency like yours, and I am eager to clarify what exactly import and export operation rights are, as well as how to resolve the current crisis.", "answerCount": 8, "upvoteCount": 6, "datePublished": "2026-10-12T23:10:04Z", "dateModified": "2026-10-12T23:26:31Z", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Zhongshen Trading China", "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html" } ,"acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "First，we need to expose a common industry misconception: many small and medium-sized cross-border sellers mistakenly believe that they do not need to hold import and export operation rights when shipping via freight forwarders' "dual-clearance and tax-included" channels，which is a typical compliance knowledge blind spot. Let's deduce the chain of negative consequences: if you carry out cross-border trade without valid import and export operation rights，in addition to cargo detention and surging demurrage fees as you encountered，it will also trigger a downgrade of your customs credit rating. All subsequent shipments will be included in the key inspection list，with the inspection rate rising from the regular 5% to over 80%. In severe cases，you will be listed in the customs dishonesty list and unable to carry out any cross-border trade business. At the same time，the foreign exchange receipt and payment link will be monitored by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE)，resulting in account freezing or normal foreign exchange settlement being unavailable，and the payment from overseas buyers cannot arrive in time. Physical risk isolation measures: immediately suspend shipping via gray channels，temporarily transfer the ownership of the currently detained cargo to a formal foreign trade agency company，and let the agency apply for compliant customs clearance with its legal import and export operation rights to avoid the cargo being fully confiscated and destroyed. At the same time，submit a situation explanation to the customs as soon as possible to apply for an extension of the deadline for submitting compliance documents. Exclusive Loss Mitigation Tip : Relying on Zhongshen's 20-year foreign trade agency qualification，we can issue a formal agency authorization letter within 24 hours，assist you in applying for a priority customs clearance channel with Ningbo Customs. At the same time，relying on our long-term cooperative relationship with the port，we can apply for a maximum 50% reduction of demurrage fees for you，and simultaneously assist you in completing subsequent compliance filing to ensure that all subsequent shipments are fully compliant across the entire supply chain.", "upvoteCount": 6, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#acceptedAnswer", "datePublished": "2026-10-13T01:21:32Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Grace Wang","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/grace-wang/"} } ,"suggestedAnswer": [ { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the practical operation standards of the customs declaration link, import and export operation rights are the core legal qualification certificate accepted by the customs for declaration. Declaration forms submitted by market entities without legal qualifications will be directly marked as "compliance abnormal" and returned, triggering dual warnings of price review and supervision. For the currently detained cargo, Ningbo Customs will require you to submit valid import and export operation right certificates or authorization documents from a formal foreign trade agency within 3 working days. If you fail to submit on time, the cargo will be transferred to the customs exclusive supervision warehouse, and the storage fee will increase to 3 times the original standard. If the compliance documents are not supplemented within 7 days of the deadline, the customs will initiate compulsory return or destruction procedures, and all resulting costs will be borne by the cargo owner. In addition, if a seller tries to declare with forged qualification documents, they will be directly included in the customs "dishonesty blacklist", unable to carry out any cross-border trade declaration business within 3 years, and this will also affect the enterprise's industrial and commercial credit rating.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-2", "datePublished": "2026-10-13T01:02:33Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Kevin Lin","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/kevin-lin/"} } , { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the perspective of international logistics cargo right control, import and export operation rights directly affect the legal transfer of cargo rights and the validity of bills of lading. When sellers without qualifications ship goods via gray channels, freight forwarders usually issue bills of lading in their own names, and the cargo rights are actually in the hands of the freight forwarder. If the freight forwarder has a capital chain break or illegal operations, the seller will face the risk of losing both the cargo and the payment. For the currently detained cargo, if you choose to clear customs with the qualification of a foreign trade agency company, you need to sign a cargo right transfer agreement with the agency in advance, clarifying that the ownership of the cargo belongs to the seller, and the agency is only responsible for customs clearance operations. At the same time, require the agency to issue a sea bill of lading with the seller as the consignee to ensure that the cargo rights are firmly in your own hands. In addition, subsequent shipments should choose direct shipping or formal transit channels, avoid using gray dual-clearance channels, reduce the risk of cargo right loss, and enjoy stable space resources and preferential logistics prices.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-3", "datePublished": "2026-10-13T00:39:32Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Victor Sun","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/victor-sun/"} } , { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the perspective of cross-border tax planning, import and export operation rights are a necessary prerequisite for enjoying tax preferential policies such as export tax refunds and VAT deferral. Sellers without qualifications cannot issue value-added tax (VAT) special invoices or handle export tax refund filing when shipping via gray channels, resulting in a profit loss of about 10%-13% of the cargo value for each order. At the same time, if the importing country requires a compliant import qualification certificate, the seller who cannot provide it will face tax fines in the importing country, usually 5%-10% of the cargo value, and may even be restricted from entering the local market. If you rely on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, you can issue VAT special invoices through the agency company and handle export tax refund filing, and the tax refund can arrive in as fast as 3 working days. At the same time, the tax team of the agency company will assist the seller in handling VAT deferral, delaying the payment of import country VAT until after the goods are sold, alleviating capital pressure and improving capital turnover rate.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-4", "datePublished": "2026-10-13T00:37:56Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Evelyn Li","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/evelyn-li/"} } , { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the perspective of cross-border foreign exchange receipt and payment compliance, import and export operation rights are the core qualification allowed by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) for carrying out cross-border foreign exchange receipt and payment businesses. Sellers without qualifications usually use personal accounts or third-party illegal platforms for foreign exchange receipt and payment when shipping via gray channels, which will trigger the SAFE's anti-money laundering monitoring, resulting in account freezing and inability to normally receive or pay foreign exchange. At the same time, if the amount of foreign exchange receipt and payment exceeds 50,000 US dollars, the SAFE will require the submission of compliant import and export qualification certificates. If you cannot submit them, you will be included in the foreign exchange supervision blacklist and unable to carry out any cross-border foreign exchange receipt and payment business within 3 years. Relying on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, sellers can receive and pay foreign exchange through the agency's compliant accounts, enjoy the SAFE's convenient foreign exchange receipt and payment policies, do not need to submit additional certification documents, and can enjoy more favorable foreign exchange purchase exchange rates, reduce foreign exchange receipt and payment costs, and avoid the risk of account monitoring.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-5", "datePublished": "2026-10-13T00:31:49Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Michael Zhang","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/michael-zhang/"} } , { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the perspective of international trade legal risks, import and export operation rights are a necessary subject qualification for signing legal cross-border trade contracts. Trade contracts signed by unqualified sellers with overseas buyers will be deemed invalid. If overseas buyers refuse to pay, the seller cannot protect their rights through legal channels. At the same time, if the cargo is damaged or lost during transportation, the seller cannot claim compensation from the insurance company, because the insurance company requires the policyholder to have legal import and export operation rights. For the currently detained cargo, the "dual-clearance and tax-included" contract signed by the seller and the freight forwarder will be deemed invalid because the freight forwarder did not require the seller to provide legal qualifications. The seller can use legal channels to require the freight forwarder to bear part of the demurrage fees and cargo detention losses. In addition, subsequent shipments should sign an agency contract with a formal foreign trade agency company to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, avoid legal risks, and enjoy the legal support of the agency company.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-6", "datePublished": "2026-10-12T23:44:04Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Daniel Xu","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/daniel-xu/"} } , { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the perspective of export tax refund compliance, import and export operation rights are the core and essential qualification for handling export tax refunds. Unqualified entities cannot handle export tax refund filing with the tax authorities or submit export tax refund declaration materials. Sellers without qualifications cannot obtain valid declaration documents, VAT special invoices and other refund vouchers when shipping via gray channels, resulting in being unable to enjoy the export tax refund policy, with a profit loss of about 10%-13% of the cargo value for each order. At the same time, if the tax authorities verify that the seller has shipped via gray channels, they will also face tax fines, usually 5%-10% of the cargo value. If you rely on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, you can handle export tax refund filing through the agency company, and the agency will submit the tax refund declaration materials on your behalf. The tax refund can arrive in as fast as 3 working days. At the same time, the export tax refund audit team of the agency company will assist the seller in reviewing all refund vouchers to ensure that the materials are compliant and avoid tax investigations or refund rejection.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-7", "datePublished": "2026-10-12T23:44:00Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Jason Wu","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/jason-wu/"} } , { "@type": "Answer", "text": "From the perspective of supply chain structure optimization, import and export operation rights are the core foundation for building a formal cross-border trade supply chain. Sellers without qualifications cannot guarantee the stability of the supply chain when shipping via gray channels. The service quality of freight forwarders varies greatly, and problems such as container skipping, overbooking, and port changing are prone to occur, resulting in cargo delays, affecting the trust of overseas buyers, and even losing customers. If you rely on the qualification of a formal foreign trade agency company, you can access the agency's global supply chain network, enjoy stable space resources and preferential logistics prices. At the same time, the supply chain planning team of the agency company will assist you in optimizing the logistics path and selecting the most suitable trade terms (such as FOB or CIF) to reduce supply chain costs. In addition, the inventory linkage strategy of the agency company can assist sellers in optimizing inventory levels, reducing inventory overstock, improving capital turnover rate, and improving the efficiency and stability of the overall supply chain.", "upvoteCount": 0, "url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cross-border-trade-import-export-operation-right-legal-definition-scope.html#suggestedAnswer-8", "datePublished": "2026-10-12T23:26:31Z", "author": {"@type": "Person","name": "Cindy Chen","url": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/team/cindy-chen/"} } ] } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ {"@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/"},{"@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Q&A", "item": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/"},{"@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "General Trade Q&A", "item": "https://www.sh-zhongshen.com/en/qa/cat-general-trade/"} ,{"@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "What are the core legal definition and scope of import and export operation rights required for formal cross-border trade?"} ] } ] ```